Candide Or Optimism by Voltaire Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Among all of his creative achievements, Candide remains an insignia of the philosopher s unique technique to exhibit his perfectness in presenting a satire with the enterprising blend of surrealism and romanticism to reach the theme deep into the hearts of the readers. Voltaire s skeptical views of the domineering social structure based on the norms of religious practices provoked his intellect to create satires that challenged the feudal society by as early as 18th century. The presentation strategy he applied in displaying the characterization of a protagonist stands out as an insignia that detaches his work from other pieces of literature of his time. The specifications of satirical questions in the text of Candide are thought provoking. In a context Candide asks, If this is the best of all possible worlds, what are the others? (ch. 6) . It is a challenge on the proclamations of religious heads of the community that always taught the faith beyond the reality of the actual life. The need of enlightenment was seen as the most important tool to reconstruct the social policies of the early 18th century in which human elements of social life were denied to common men. We will write a custom essay sample on Candide Or Optimism by Voltaire or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The book deals largely with the critical literature to fight back the tactics of the state s adoption of negotiators to eye-wash the public by false promises to the public. Candide says, Pangloss deceived me cruelly when he said that all is for the best in the world(ch. 7) . Voltaire presents Pangloss as the representative of the state to talk for peace among the people in order to subdue the intellectual powers of emerging leaders who questioned the policies of the state. The book is reveals the unacceptable norms of the administrators to impose emotional and intellectual control over the people through the exercise of religious implications and advantages of social condition that denied the rights of individuals during the time till 18th century. Through the book Candide , the author expresses his emotional urge for reacting to the social perspectives of the statesmen during the age of enlightenment. Candide is a mixture of violence, love, competition a nd philosophical arguments in a balanced proportion. It can be considered a total insightful approach of the author about the perils of a man s struggle for achieving the civilized state through the miseries of his actual state of being.

Violent Video Games Cause Youth Violence - 2030 Words

Video games have become increasingly popular among people of various ages. The more technology advances the more appealing video games seem to get with high definition graphics and better storylines. The first video game ever made was back in 1958, it was played on a Brookhaven National Laboratory oscilloscope, and it doesn’t hold a candle to the video games of today (Bellis par. 2). Video games have gone from big-chunky complicated systems to little-compact systems of entertainment. After the first video game was developed came the first game that was intended for computer use, followed by the first game played on a television set, and then the first arcade game in 1971 (Bellis par. 4). Soon after there were video games developed that†¦show more content†¦4). Children may play or watch there older siblings or someone else playing a violent video game and then they may believe that it is okay to do what is being portrayed, so they don’t necessarily need to be t he one playing the game they could just be exposed to it. In a video game there may be some swear words and children usually idolize the characters of the game and copy what they say. First the youth will be speaking like the character they idolize, then acting like them and copying their movements thinking that it is nothing wrong with the way they are acting. Some people may argue that when children are around age eight they are able to distinguish reality and fantasy, and according to rating systems they shouldn’t be playing violent video games at their age anyway so there is no harm. â€Å"The Entertainment Software Rating Board ratings provide concise and objective information about the content in video games and apps so consumers, especially parents, can make informed choices† (â€Å"ESRB Ratings Guide† par. 1). The rating system has seven different categories—Early Childhood, Everyone, Everyone 10+, Teen, Mature, Adults Only, and Rating Pending (â€Å"ESRB Ratings Guide† par. 4). For higher rated games young children shouldn’t be able to get their hands on them, one of the only way they could get there hands on them would be for their parents bought it for them. Some peopleShow MoreRelatedDo Violent Video Games Make People More Violent?1277 Words   |  6 PagesDo Violent Video Games Make Pe ople More Violent in Real Life? The American Psychological Association reports that more than 90% of children in the United States play video games.Among kids between the ages of 12 and 17, the number rises to 97%. The psychological group also reported that 85% or more of video games on the market contain some form of violence (Do Video Games Lead to Violence). A video game may be considered violent if it contains â€Å"violent† language, gore/blood, and crime. Video gamesRead MoreVideo Games And Youth Violence1181 Words   |  5 Pagespast few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it will increase violence in the player. AlthoughRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Youth Of America1454 Words   |  6 Pagesrole on the youth of America. A majority of children and young adults have access to internet, television, radio, newspapers, and video games practically any time they want. The violence in media, along with the availability of media are increasing, however the most predominant form of media for children is video games. Because of this, many are concerned with the effects on the youth. The violence in video games is a cause for aggressive emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the youth of America.Read MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Young1575 Words   |  6 Pageslike the bad reputation rock and roll music received in the 1950’s, violent video games have been questioned and looked down upon as a newer form of influential media. Violent video games have been blamed for bullying, school shootings, increasing rape, and increasing the amount of wome n being abused. Despite the popular belief that video games can be very harmful to a child’s mind and cause violent behavior, video games don’t cause as much psychological damage to children as people have been tryingRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violent Behavior1127 Words   |  5 PagesIt widely argued against whether violent video games can trigger violent behavior among those who play them. There s many cases of the violent video games being the main factor of the person being violent, however their is plenty of factors that play a role in the case from parental neglect to drug abuse. In 1983 C. Everett Koop, the U.S. Surgeon General, claimed that video games were a leading cause of family violence. Although video game advocates argue that majority of the research on the topicRead MoreVideo Games Do Not Contribute to Youth Violence Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are not the cause of youth violence. There are many factors that have to be lined up to cause a child to be violent. For instance Many kids that become violent have had a rough life. They may have been poor, bullied, have alcoholic parents, neglected, or dont have parents at all (kids health). Over the years games have helped kids adapt to things in the world to better help their futures (washington post). Studies prove that video games can help children learn new mechanics (washingtonRead MoreViolent Video Games Lead to Violence Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming more violent. Some worry that certain aspects of our technology, including the intenseness of violent video games, are affecting the violence among America’s youth, while others don’t see this as an issue at all. A study done in 2004, Factors Correlated with Violent Video Games Use by Adolescent Boys and Girls, reported that boys in grades seventh and eighth played violent video games to either release their anger or help them relax. According to the suggestion that video games act as a stressRead MoreEffect of Video Game Violence on Children and Teens Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesViolent video games can lead to aggressive and violent behavior in children and adolescents. â€Å"Violent media increase aggression by teaching observers how to aggress, by priming aggressive cognition (including previously learned aggressive scripts and aggressive perceptual schemata), by increasing arousal, or by creating an aggressive state† (Anderson and Bushman 355). As more children are becoming exposed violence in video games in the recent years, violence in schools and other locations where childrenRead MoreViolence in Television, Movies, and Video Games Should Not Be Censored1653 Words   |  7 PagesVIOLENCE IN TELEVISION, MOVIES, AND VIDEO GAMES SHOULD NOT BE CENSORED Television, movies, and video games have a great influence on the minds of todays youth. But, what exactly are the effects of such an influence? Certain people have exaggerated the effects that these media have on todays youth. Many people, including government officials, have singled out these three media sources as the cause of some types of violence simply because it is an easy target for laying the blame. The truth isRead MoreCensoring of Violent Video Games1152 Words   |  5 PagesThere has always been controversy as to whether violent video games should be censored. Video games should be censored for the good of society. Video games do harm to teens and society due to making teens accumulate frustrations,makes teens think violence is acceptable in problem solving, and makes them very unhealthy but it also does some good, such as helps teens control their emotions, makes them conscious of what is good from what is bad, and helps them get rid of stress. This controversy may

Intermediary Determinants of Social Inequalities

Question: Discuss about the Intermediary Determinants of Social Inequalities. Answer: Introduction The social inequality occurs within the society due to unequal distribution of opportunity within the people. There is also unequal distribution of resources among the people of the society. In this report, a textbook of related to the study of sociology is chosen and analyzed along with two peers-reviewed articles, related to the study of social inequality provided in the report. The content of the article is compared to other peer reviewed article of a related topic. The first article for this report mainly focuses on the social structure in the European society, which leads to the inequality among the people of the working class. This social inequality is responsible for the mental stress among the working class people within the working class of the European community. The second article discusses the planning steps that are needed to be adopted in order to reduce social inequality among the children of the European Society, which is necessary improve the health condition of the children. Social Stratification In this book, John J. Macionis and Linda M. Gerber have discussed the social inequality and stratification that exists within the society. The social stratification is one of the major characteristics of the society, which exists due to the unequal distribution of power within the society. The authors began the chapter by mentioning the example of the accident, which took place in the Titanic ship in the year of 1912. More than 1600 people died in the tragic accident. However, on the ship, the first class passengers got better chance of survival compared to the passenger with second class tickets. More than 60% of the first class passengers survived compared to just 36% of the second class passengers. Caste System The authors have mentioned about the caste system in the society in India, which is one of the major examples of social stratification. The caste system also played a major part in the social class of middle age of England, where the people belonging to the aristocrat class have the authority to become the members of the church. Mental Health of Workers In this article, the aim of the research is to investigate the inequality that exists in the society of the employees and the mental well-being of individual depending upon the social class of each. On the other hand, the social class of the individual is judged based on the class scheme provided by the E.O Wright. The mental illness among the patients is created due to the stress that is created among the workers due to the adverse effects of social inequality. Collection of data The researchers have used exclusive form of the secondary data and hence did not require ethical approval. The data of the person whose age is over 15 years are collected and also about the individual wage, which is being collected. The data were collected from 19 different countries of Europe. Mental health and Social inequality The result of the research suggests that the social inequality in the European working class population is responsible for the mental stress among the people. The people working in the higher position like the mangers have better mental health condition of the compared to the unskilled workers. Hence, it is crucial to improving the relation between the individual of a different class of the society. Mental development of young Children The researchers have done a systemic review on the intervention adopted by parents of the European countries in order to improve the health condition of the children by reducing the social inequality. The children belonging from the backwards section of the society is likely to have poor developmental records. PRISMA technique The guidelines for the PRISMA techniques are used in the systemic review. The researchers have used the techniques related to universalism intervention and proportionate study using the electronic search strategy described. The online database source Pub Med is used for this purpose along with the International Bibliography of Social Science. Intervention techniques are applied in the case of using techniques with that of the children. Effective Intervention technique The investigators had identified 23 intervention techniques, from all the articles they have selected. Only one of the intervention techniques is being applied in the society of UK and Ireland. The intervention techniques along with the education of the evidence-practice can help to improve upon the discrimination caused due to the inequality among the parenting care. Comparison of Articles The research work has measured the level of unemployment due to inequality in the society of Spain during the time of economic crisis. The main focus of this research is based on the educational inequality, which affects the mental health condition of the workers. Unlike the investigation in Journal A, where the researchers have focused in on the general aspects of the inequality that exits in the society of the Europe, whereas in the later case the investigators have focused on the effects of the inequality caused by the economic crisis. There are several cases of unemployment caused due to the effects of economic crisis in Spain (Crdoba-Doa et al., 2016). This study also focuses on the effects of social inequality in the Spain, which is unlike the case of the Journal A, where the focus was on 19 different nations of Europe. However, like the other journal, this study also focuses on the mental health condition of the working class people due to the effects of unemployment (Macionis Gerber, 2008). For this study, the cross-sectional method of study was used. The age of the target group for data collection was 19 to 64 years. The Poisson regression methods are also used in this case. The study also concluded that the economic recession was responsible for poor mental health condition among the people. The secondary data has also been in this case, which helped the researcher to compare and analyze the data of that of the previously done research. The conclusion of the research work unlike that of journal A has been able to identify the financial reasons for the poor mental health condition. The research work in the above mentioned article focuses on the importance of social capital aid, which is needed to remove the social inequality among the children and also among well-being of the children and adolescents. Like the area of focus in that of journal B, this article also focuses on the intervention methods needed to improve the mental well-being of children and adolescents caused due to the adverse effects of social inequality. The health inequality is one of the major issues among the children of Europe. There have been several cases of pre-mature death among the children in all over Europe due to poor mental health condition, which leads to poor physical condition. The study has focused on the role of social capital, which gives rise to the social inequality among the children (Veerle et al., 2013). This study is based on the literature review, which is similar to that of the case of journal B. In both the cases, the researchers have reviewed the pervious articles of the relevant topic, which is available in the online databases. The systemic review, in this case, is aimed to focus on the socio-economic status of the individual. The articles published from the USA, Australia was also used along with the journals of Europe. This is unlike the case of journal B, where the researchers have only used the articles published from the European countries. The conclusion of this study suggests that the flow of social capital is mainly responsible for the unequal health status among the individuals. This study has focused on the minority groups of the European community. It is also essential to formulate the European policies, which will help to focus on the relevant issues. Both the studies focus on the importance of social and economic policies, which could help to resolve the problem of social inequality that exists within the various communities. Critical Thinking of the Sociology Text The chosen text provides an unparalleled discussion about the elements, which leads to inequality within the society. The authors have used various examples from the past in order explain the effects of social inequality. The result of the survey, which is mentioned, helps the reader to evaluate the effects of stratification that exists in the society of Canada. The revolution, which took place in the past, which aimed to remove the system of social stratification, has also been mentioned in details in the given text. The authors have used the examples of Russian revolution to explain the importance of social reforms. The text also mentions the various importance theories related to the principle of sociology. However, there is no major link with the theory to that of the social inequality that exists in the community. Nevertheless, the text has helped to generate envision, which helped remove the social inequality. One of the main reasons, for the social inequality that exists in th e society, is due to the financial difference of the people. One of the major positive sides of this article is that it has able to mention the link between the mental health conditions of the people with that of the social class of the people. Thus, the authors have been able to raise one of the essential consequences of the social inequality that exists in the society of Europe. The researchers, however, have used the Wrights relational social class to map the social structure, which is a not very reliable technique. However, the research has been able to highlight the importance of skill within the working class of the society, which is considered to be one of the major causes of social inequality. Hence, with the help of the result of the research work, it is possible to raise the awareness among the people about the importance of improving the skill and thereby help in removing the effects of social inequality (De Moortel et al.,2014). The main positive sides of the above mentioned journal are that it has able to raise awareness about the importance of children health, which gets affected due to the adverse effects of social inequality. The researchers also have been able to suggest intervention measures prevent the effects of health inequality that exists within the society. The importance of educational programs in order to improve the health of the status of the children is also mentioned in the article. The search strategy was one of the effective ways, which helps to include all the major relevant articles related to the research topic. However, one of the major limitations of this research work is that the intervention techniques, which have been suggested, can only be applied to the children in the European society (Morrison et al., 2014). Personal Relevance The vital aspects related to social inequality along with its causes and outcomes have been discussed in the given articles thereby providing in-depth analysis and insight into certain pertinent matters. The issues related to social inequality is still now prevalent thwarting the lives of many either directly or in an indirect manner. Therefore knowledge and information relevant to such topic will enhance our understanding so that the issues about social inequality, exclusion and discriminating attitude may be effectively addressed. Acquisition of knowledge and proper application of the principles, ideas relevant to separate professional competencies on matter related to social inequality will aid in avoiding repetitions of the similar mistakes thereby offering promises for actual practice. In this regard, I firmly believe that the principles of social justice need to be stringently followed and utilized in the professional practice to account for healthier and more potent holistic o utcomes allaying the possibility of differential treatments based on social stratification. The socio-economic disparities in health are the resultant effects of this brimming issue of social inequality. I feel enriched on procuring the relevant knowledge through analysis carried out with the help of social analysis tools. The notion of social segregation depending upon ones earnings and flow of money through valid source of income is the major obstacle on the path of ensuring equitable health and other service accessibility and provision. On knowing from the article content, I feel that any deviation from the desirable egalitarian social structure may culminate in dissents and violent mass uprisings as occurred in several countries prominent through empirical historical evidence. Further, the adverse impacts of the social inequality in conjunction with detrimental health outcomes are intimately related. Hence, I think that promotion of suitable interventional strategies and awarene ss campaigns through education is essential to bring out the optimal results. Healthcare and social justice go hand in hand to cater to the needs of the individuals irrespective of their backgrounds. Social cohesion normally accounts for improved health as well as higher income equality. Professional Relevance Social factors encompass the major determinants of health and form the essence of the health inequality paradigm. Hence, in my opinion, the nursing professionals must endeavor to improvise healthy public policy through advocacy of political actions and strategies. Linking from the matter as discussed in the articles, I also came to know that social inequality is a crucial reason for the generation of stress in people whose income is less compared to their wealthy counterparts. Therefore healthcare facility should take urgent note of this detrimental effect and the health infrastructure; services must be revamped accordingly. Material and lifestyle factors also influence the socio-economic outcomes in the relevant individuals and hence attention is to be paid on the vita contexts of social capital, social support and social exclusion. However all the desirable changes or ideal outcomes cannot be achieved on a singular effort basis, rather a collective initiative from the persons in au thority is indispensable to harbor positive, long-term and holistic outcomes. I feel the nurses may apply the knowledge acquired from these journal articles into their professional practice to obtain better and more holistic results. Conclusion All the above mentioned articles and text have been able to highlight the theories and the effects of the social inequality among the weaker section of the society. The weaker section of the people of the society had to suffer from poor mental health condition due to the effects of social inequality. The unfavorable working condition within the social class causes poor performance of the employees. Both men and women are affected due to the poor working environment in the workplace. The social stratification has been one of the major issues of the human society for several thousands of years. All the above mentioned text and articles have been able to highlight the importance of the theories related to the sociology, which helps to identify the reasons and the effects of social inequality. It also raises the level of awareness among the people about the ways to prevent social inequality that exists in the community of Europe. Reference Crdoba-Doa, J. A., Escolar-Pujolar, A., San Sebastin, M., Gustafsson, P. E. (2016). How are the employed and unemployed affected by the economic crisis in Spain? Educational inequalities, life conditions and mental health in a context of high unemployment.BMC public health,16(1), 267. De Moortel, D., Vandenheede, H., Muntaner, C., Vanroelen, C. (2014). Structural and intermediary determinants of social inequalities in the mental well-being of European workers: a relational approach.BMC Public Health,14(1), 938. Macionis, J. Gerber, L. (2008).Sociology(8th ed.). Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall Morrison, J., Pikhart, H., Ruiz, M., Goldblatt, P. (2014). Systematic review of parenting interventions in European countries aiming to reduce social inequalities in childrens health and development.BMC Public Health,14(1), 1040. Veerle, V., Bart De C, V. S., Costongs, C., Barbareschi, G., Jnsson, S. H. (2013). Does neighbourhood social capital aid in leveling the social gradient in the health and well-being of children and adolescents? A literature review.BMC Public Health, 4-18.

The Effect of Publish or Perish Motto on Academics free essay sample

These systems present in most universities acknowledge publications and citations as the evidence Of scholarly achievement and necessity for promotion, grant, and tenure (Dark, 2003). However, incentive and reward systems in academia were considered to lead a publish or perish syndrome by keeping the academic staff under pressure (Bloom et al. , 1988). On the one hand, these systems lead to a an increase in the quantity of books and papers (Bloom et al. , 1988); on the other hand, the quality of the generated knowledge may decrease since the academics aim to reach maximum number of publications (Inlays et al. 2007). As it is seen, these yester have both advantageous and disadvantageous. In this context, the objective of this paper is to analyze whether the incentive and reward systems have institutionalized a restrictive approach to knowledge development or they enhance and encourage the producing of the knowledge. On the other hand, it will be tried to compare the Turkeys current academic environment with the other countries in the context of ethical academic behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Publish or Perish Motto on Academics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page THE OBJECTIVE OF ACADEMICS Marketing as a university discipline has several responsibilities such as; to society, for providing objective knowledge and technically competent, socially expansible, liberally educated graduates; to students, for providing an education that will enable them to get on the socioeconomic ladder and prepare them for their roles as competent, responsible marketers and citizens; to marketing practice, for providing a continuing supply of competent, responsible entrants to the marketing profession and for providing new knowledge about both the micro and macro dimensions of marketing; and to the academy, for upholding its mission of retailing warehousing and producing knowledge, its contract with society of objective knowledge for academic freedom, and its core values of reason, evidence, openness and civility (Hunt, 2002, p. 306). In parallel with this view, Reel (1993, p. 74) claimed that A university has three functions to perform which are to conserve knowledge; to advance knowledge; and to disseminate knowledge. It falls short of the full realization of its aim unless, having provided for the conservation and advancement of knowledge, it makes provision for its dissemination as well.It can be revealed from these statements that, production and dissemination of the knowledge are two of the core missions of universities. Knowledge produced by academic researchers tends to be distributed to the spelling through research books, journals, academic conferences, training and development courses ((Bloom et al. , 1988; McKenzie et al. , 2002; Inlays et al. , 2007). However, according to the American Marketing Association (as of now AMA) Task Force on the development of marketing, academic researchers do not produce and disseminate enough publications (Bloom et al. , 1988). Furthermore, there is a dissemination problem that academicians are not successful in disseminating the knowledge they generate (Inlays et al. , 2007).In order to overcome these problems and increase the production ND dissemination of knowledge, and also to become more competitive, university management boards apply incentive and reward systems (Bloom al. , 1988). INCENTIVE AND REWARDS SYSTEMS At first sight, the incentive and reward systems may be seen well functioning that it leads to increase on knowledge generation and motivate the researchers. However there are several disadvantages and side effects of these systems and in the literature the outcomes of these systems have been criticized by several authors under the publish or perish mantra (List at al. , 2007;Bloom et al. , 1 988; Noisy et al. 2007; Brenna Inkers, 2004; Dark, 2003; Reams, 1 977; Gad-el-hake, 2004). One of the best explanation of publish or perish doctrine made by p. Van Den Burgher (1970, p. 7) as Publishing has become a compulsion. The average academic author does not write because he has something to say, because he hopes to contribute to knowledge, or because he has fun doing it; rather, he writes and publishes in order to improve his vita. This document is frequently the only thing about him which his colleagues will ever read; it is the passport to academic success; and, beyond the routine acquisition of a Ph. D. , published titles are the main ornament of a vita. On the other hand, there are some alternative views such as Blunt (1973) claimed that equating not publishing with perishing is an over determination of the present condition. In fact, in this context incentive and rewards refers to tenure and promotion. Namely, in order to get a tenure or promotion to the more senior academic positions it is essential to publish books, academic paper and be cited (Blunt, 1973). In addition, Reams (1977) claimed that publication is one of the most essential criterion for gaining tenure and promotion in a giggly competitive academic environment which Reams defined this environment as a treacherous dog-eat-dog world metaphorically. Since AMA (1988) claimed that publications in the marketing field is not enough and there need to overcome the impediments in order to increase the quantity of the publications.The AMA assessed several suggestions to motivate the researchers; the researchers must be provided large scale funding source and faculty release time for their research; the average revision time of the journals must be decreased as much as possible, thus further expenditures of time and effort of both reviewers and author s will be reverted; special workshops and consortia must be supported related to the need of the researchers. To sum up, this system is very effective and advantageous in order to motivate the researchers and achieve a maximum number of publications. However, there are also some disadvantageous and side effects of this system. In the next section the negative effects of this system will be criticized.SIDE EFFECTS OF INCENTIVE AND REWARD SYSTEMS As discussed in the preceding sections, the system puts the researcher under the pressure of publishing more and more books, journals and conference papers. The strong and undesirable incentives motivate especially the young academics through knowledge development (Blunt, 1973). However, it is extremely short-term in orientation and the system discourages risk-taking in the development of new ideas, discourages investment in long-term projects on significant issues, and instead encourages minor improvements in establishing ideas (Bloom et al. , 1988). On the other hand, the young academicians have started to publish books without getting enough wisdom in a particular field (Gad-el;hake, 2004).When the researchers age and experience increase, they provide fewer contributions to the journals. The AMA stated the possible reason for this situation as following; (1 ) A sense that the rewards for research and publication have been less than expected or are simply insufficient to justify additional effort. (2) A cumulative frustration with the competitive review processes of the major journals of the field. (3) An increased need or desire for outside income during the middle years of ones career. (4) An increased capability to undertake activities that hold higher personal value (e. G. , teaching consulting, administrative positions) than does research and writing(Bloom et al. 1 988, p. 4). Another important issue affected by the system is the quality concern. Publish or perish philosophy makes the researchers give more importance to the quantity Of the publications rather than quality (Lobscouse, 1974). In order to get a tenure or promotion, most researchers focus on publishing as much as they can, even sometimes they use cut-and-paste to reach their goals. Furthermore, to fulfill the increasing demand for publishing papers, everyday more and more journals enter the academic market. Thus, there have been the journals stratified into several quality categories which fits different quality papers Gad-el-hake, 2004).However, since journals are peer reviewed they can preserve their quality in balance (Bloom et al. , 1988). The quality concern is emerged in book publishing as well and probably more noteworthy that there is no need to be reviewed which makes it easier to publish a book than a journal article accepted (Gad-el-hake, 2004). Gad-el-Hake (2004) provided some extreme examples related to the quantity of publications. The first one is a dean of major school of engineering listed 52 papers that he wrote just in a year which equals to publishing a paper every week. In the second example, a roofless was introduces at a meeting as the author of 80 books in his 20 year career which is equal to a book every three months.Citation documents the flow of information and the links within and among disciplines or other units of analysis (Goldman ; Grainiest, 2010). The number of citations is a dominant criterion for promotion, salary increases and funding. It also will determine to what extent the individual researcher is seen as a thought leader. On the other hand, it is an indicator of quality, innovativeness and contribution of the publication to the science. Therefore, the researchers try o maximize the number of times they are cited (Verviers, 2010). However, except the articles published in top journals which represent the core of a discipline, most articles receive few or no citation (Van Dale ; Slammer, 2005). Also some researchers use make citation unethically.For example, authors generally do not actually consult some of the references they cite, some authors add references at the completion of a research because they support the researchers arguments or findings authors often reference well known authors in order to add credibility and prestige, and that quotations of what is actually written in the references are prevalent (Goldman ; Grainiest, 2010, p. 1 389) As Hunt (2000) claimed another mission of academics is the reta iling the knowledge in terms of teaching. However, since the publish or perish motto force the academics to focus on publications, especially the young academicians give less emphasis to the teaching function (Blunt, 1973). On the other hand, this motto also affects the relationship level between the practitioners and academicians. Brenna and Inkers (2004, p. 511) claimed that It seems clear that although academics loud like to get closer to practitioners, they are Inhibited by institutional factors, such as academic reward systems and the publish or perish culture.Since the Publish or perish culture suppresses the academics, they are tempted to perform unethical behaviors such as copying research, faking data and statistics, intentionally leaving out erroneous findings (Van Dale ; Slammer, 2005). (List et al. , 2007) made a research on this topic and proved that some researchers have falsified the research data; also they became co-authors of the papers without contributing. In addition, Reams 1977) very clearly identified the publication tricks as following; Joint Author Trick, colleagues write papers independently, and they add his / her colleagues name to the paper. Thus, in average both get more point.Experimental Trip trick, in some cases the academics force the students to participate in experiments. Thus, they can set up experiments in a very short time and free of charge. Graduate Student Gap, Graduate students perform great effort to show him qualified, so the academics may use them for library research, analyze and write up the data, or to find new creative research epics. Senior Author Trick, sometimes the junior academics use the name of senior, well-known authors in their studies without their contribution to publish their articles in top journals and books in quality publishers. Kitchen Sink Trick, since the data gathering phase is time consuming, they may use the same data more than once for different articles. In order to overcome the side effects of the publish or perish concept, Gad-el-Hake (2004) offered some suggestions such as; resumes submitted to promotion and tenure committees should be limited to listing only 5-10 the most significant publications; co-authors should contribute meaningfully to a publication and no name should be added merely because he or she is a member of a research group, or worse, the head of the group; journals should publish their impact factor and it should be an important consideration when libraries decide which journals to drop; Completed book manuscripts should go through peer review before publication. PUBLISH OR PERISH SYSTEM IN TURKEY In this section, as an academic member In a university, I will express my observations about the functioning of publish or perish system by comparing with the outside Of Turkey. There is an incentive and rewards system in Turkey as well. For example, In order to apply for an Associate Professor position, academicians hav e to get at least 6 points by publishing books, articles, conference papers and being cited (AUK, 2012). In addition, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TIBIA) makes payment for the articles published in top journals in order to motivate academics.However the side effects in terms unethical academic consequences of the system is very similar to the other countries. Probably, one of the most important factors is they are assigned many courses to teach ND also they are charged with administrative work load. The most common unethical behaviors in Turkey are plagiarism refers to stealing from other authors publications without citation and permission, duplication which is publishing the same or similar papers in different journals or conferences, Fabrication which is making up unreal results and publish, and Solicitation refers to slicing up one research in more or less identical papers (Rican, 2008).As indicated in the AMA task force report (1988), most of the senior academicians slow up researching and publishing, instead they mostly focus n consulting to the private sector companies, administrative functions, organizing conferences in their most productive period in Turkey as well. On the other hand in order to increase the quantity of their publications some academics search for the journals, mostly in third world countries such as African journals, that they can easily publish their unqualified articles. Furthermore, some of the academics make a deal with publishing companies to pub lish their book. Actually, the aim is not selling the book and making profit.In most cases the only reason is just getting point to get a promotion r tenure. In addition, authors in Turkey use joint author trick which was stated by Reams (1977) to gain more point. For instance, there are three colleagues and each of them prepared a paper. If they publish them as single authored in an international journal, each will get 3 points independently. However, if they write the other two colleagues names as co-authors each will get 5. 4 point which is approximately twice of the former choice (AUK, 2012). CONCLUSION To sum up, producing and disseminating Of the knowledge is one Of the most crucial missions for the universities.To accomplish this duty, the administrative directors of the universities and Institutes of Higher Education use some incentive and reward systems. However, in some cases these strategies put the academic staff under the pressure which is called as the Publish or Perish motto. Thus, in order to survive in the academic world, the members sometimes look for some unethical ways such as plagiarism, solicitation, duplication, fabrication, joint author, publishing unqualified books, and so on. While the quantity of the publications increases, their quality may decrease. In my opinion, being academic members must be encouraged by increasing the salary of the member, providing extra Opportunities, to increase the attraction of being a faculty member.

The Case of Martha Stewart On Improper Actions

The Case of Martha Stewart On Improper Actions Introduction One of the most intriguing cases, the one of the famous Martha Stewart, offers quite a lot of food for thoughts. With help of the mystery that has been created about the case, the popularity of the celebrity has increased immensely. However, it cannot be denied that Martha suffered greatly, trying to prove her innocence – unfortunately, in vain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of Martha Stewart: On Improper Actions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the guilt of the celebrity has already been proven, it must be admitted that the case, quite complicated and entangled, requires certain clarifications. It seems that there are certain issues that might bring the entire case into conflict and prove that the fault of the convicted was far not that great as the court has emphasized. One of the women known for her TV shows with her recipes for a comfortable life in a cozy house, the supers tar of our times is now considered guilty of selling the Erbitux medicine, which resulted in ImClone Systems company suffering certain losses in their trade. Quite a precedent to be discussed in the court, this story could have led to rather sad consequences for the film star. However, as it has turned out, it was not the very issue of selling the medicine in the improper way that turned Martha into the accused – but the improper behavior! This is quite a reason to feel concerned, it seems. On the one hand, there is no doubt that the high standards for the behavior of the world celebrities must be somewhat coordinated, and some standards must be set, yet the accusations themselves seem ridiculous. The Struggle Begins: the Sufferings of the Celebrity Despite all the emotions concerning the social status of the accused and her attempts to plead not guilty, there is no doubt that the woman is to be charged for the negligence of laws. No matter how hard this might result in her c areer, the case was supposed to be carried on until it had resulted in either conviction or the exoneration. Such are the postulates of the law – it must be kept in mind that all people are equal when it comes to facing the justice, and the social status does not matter in this case. Thus, it is absolutely clear that Martha Stewart, â€Å"charged only with lying after the fact about the stock sale† (Turrow 64), should have received the penalty, which she actually did. Therefore, the sentence passed by the jury can be considered well-grounded and completely just. However, certain details must be kept in mind. On the one hand, Martha’s guilt has been proved, which leaves no place for doubts. Yet the way in which the woman was treated makes one doubt if the basis for the conviction was just enough. Logically, Stewart should have been penalized for the unjust behavior and for selling the medicine that she had no right to. Yet at present all the details of the case p oint at the fact that the attitude towards the accused was shaped because of the way she treated Douglas Faneuil.Advertising Looking for essay on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Into the Details: The Charges According to the official charge, the woman was accused of selling the shares of the ImClone Systems company, which led to its considerable drop of rates. Therefore, the celebrity was accused of the unfair manipulations and charged. However, that was the official version of what had happened. According to the comments that the public made after the judgment was passed, the decisions of the jury were based on the celebrity’s behavior – the woman treated Douglas Faneuil in rather rude way and behaved in the manner that was considered as an â€Å"inappropriate† for a woman. Therefore, it can be considered that the sentence passed was based mainly on the personal impressions of the ju ry. That Is Unfair, or On Personal Opinions Based on the testimonies of Larry Stewart, the court decision seems rather unfair. Although the official sentence was based completely on the facts and the actual pieces of evidence, the following question can be raised: once the celebrity behaved in a â€Å"proper†, â€Å"female† way, would the decision of the jury the same? â€Å"Are we punishing Martha Stewart for refusing to fulfill expectations?†, Lisa Nuss (4) asks. It is quite doubtful that, once Martha displayed the emotions that one is â€Å"supposed† to in the given situation, and behaved in the most composed and modest way, the sentence passed by the court would have been the same. It is necessary to emphasize that the decision of the court seems to be based on personal opinion rather than on the evidence that was displayed. Conclusion Therefore, it must be considered that the case of Martha Stewart is much more complicated than it used to seem. Unles s the case had been so emotionally rich and filled with personal likes and antipathies, it would have been able to find out whether Martha had been convicted justly or not. Yet with the controversy of the present situation, it is impossible to claim for sure whether the sentence passed to Martha was well-grounded. Thus, it seems that the appellation could be used in this case. Only reconsidering the details of the case, one can pass the right verdict, with impartial judge and the jury that would not base their convictions on the gossips and the prejudices concerning women’s behavior.

Free Essays on Birches Setting

In any life, one must endure hardship to enjoy the good times. According to Robert Frost, the author of â€Å"Birches†, enduring life’s hardships can be made easier by finding a sane balance between one’s imagination and reality. The poem is divided into four parts: an introduction, a scientific analysis of the bending of birch trees, an imaginatively false analysis of the phenomenon involving a New England farm boy, and a reflective wish Frost makes, wanting to return to his childhood. All of these sections have strong underlying philosophical meanings. Personification, alliteration, and other sound devices support these meanings and themes. Frost supports the theme by using language to seem literal, yet if one visualizes the setting and relates it to life, the literal and figurative viewpoints can be nearly identical. Take this example: â€Å"Life is too much like a pathless wood†. This simile describes how one can be brought down by the repetitive routine of day-to-day life, but only if one processes the barren, repetitive forest scene that Frost paints in that sentence. Sound devices also add to the effect of the poem. Frost gives the image of the morning after an ice storm, as the ice cracks on the birch trees: â€Å"They click upon themselves / As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored / As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel. / Soon the sun’s warmth makes them shed crystal shells / Scattering and avalanching on the snow crust† The repeating /s/, /z/, and /k/, sounds in this passage are strong examples of alliteration, and sound devices are crucial in the image presented; calm, reflecting, and romanticizing, like a quiet walk in the woods. The /k/ sound is the sound of the ice cracking off of the birches and â€Å"shattering† and crashing â€Å"on the snow crust.† The /s/ and /z/ sounds suggest the rising morning breeze, and they increase as the passage continues. Birch trees are naturally very flexible. Frost explains... Free Essays on Birches Setting Free Essays on Birches Setting In any life, one must endure hardship to enjoy the good times. According to Robert Frost, the author of â€Å"Birches†, enduring life’s hardships can be made easier by finding a sane balance between one’s imagination and reality. The poem is divided into four parts: an introduction, a scientific analysis of the bending of birch trees, an imaginatively false analysis of the phenomenon involving a New England farm boy, and a reflective wish Frost makes, wanting to return to his childhood. All of these sections have strong underlying philosophical meanings. Personification, alliteration, and other sound devices support these meanings and themes. Frost supports the theme by using language to seem literal, yet if one visualizes the setting and relates it to life, the literal and figurative viewpoints can be nearly identical. Take this example: â€Å"Life is too much like a pathless wood†. This simile describes how one can be brought down by the repetitive routine of day-to-day life, but only if one processes the barren, repetitive forest scene that Frost paints in that sentence. Sound devices also add to the effect of the poem. Frost gives the image of the morning after an ice storm, as the ice cracks on the birch trees: â€Å"They click upon themselves / As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored / As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel. / Soon the sun’s warmth makes them shed crystal shells / Scattering and avalanching on the snow crust† The repeating /s/, /z/, and /k/, sounds in this passage are strong examples of alliteration, and sound devices are crucial in the image presented; calm, reflecting, and romanticizing, like a quiet walk in the woods. The /k/ sound is the sound of the ice cracking off of the birches and â€Å"shattering† and crashing â€Å"on the snow crust.† The /s/ and /z/ sounds suggest the rising morning breeze, and they increase as the passage continues. Birch trees are naturally very flexible. Frost explains...

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 64

Assignment Example There was a difference of twelve years after which attempts were made again. The two successful colonies were thus discovered. They succeeded because of â€Å"profit seeking impulses of gentlemen backers than to a desire to create refuges for English people beset by religious, economic and political woes at home. (Anderson, 195)† Diseases like plague destroyed the colonies and measles and the colonists inferred it was God’s action to vacate the colonial land such that His selected men could occupy the same. Puritan religion dominated entire New England except the Rhode Island. The founders of the two successful colonies of New England were of Puritan origin and got themselves involved in hiring people from their co-religious backdrops. Though a few of the settlers did not have common views with that of the founders, they were rather governed b the â€Å"common purpose†. However the Puritans found the growing turn towards Protestant thoughts or Armenianism. Evangelical religion in fact is a reputed movement of Protestants and the turn of thought towards this religion took place during early eighteenth century (Bebbington,

Managerial Decision-Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Managerial Decision-Making - Case Study Example he decisions makers of their firms, and if any stakeholders of the same are not satisfied by the outcome the managers are the people responsible to fix the problem. Managers use rational models, which suits them to make major decisions in their cooperatives. There are some rational processes that work when the models are used, but it does not mean that every good decision made must be from the models. There are times when the rational models cannot be used for a particular situation because each firm is different from the other, and it is a dynamic world where things are changing every day (Driver, Brousseau and Larsson 110). There is a need for change in the way managers make decisions to various particulars making it impossible to have standard decisions for every objective of a firm. The rational models are useful to the obvious decisions made every day, but there is the need to have use other ways of ensuring that the mangers are in control in the same time allowing the rest of the employees an opportunity to prove themselves to their ability (Driver, Brousseau and Larsson 110). This ensures good working environment for everyone and success to the

Peirce criticizes the three methods of inquiry Essay Example for Free

Peirce criticizes the three methods of inquiry Essay Peirce criticizes the three methods of inquiry that he sees as pre-scientific as unable to fix belief permanently, only able to allow the person who uses them a temporary degree of certainty. These three methods are: tenacity, authority and apriorism. Tenacity is, essentially, the ability to hold on to a belief with ones will, turning away from anything that might make one doubt the belief. This is an irrational way of fixing belief, and, as anyone can see, very easily leads to error – like Peirce himself said, it compares to an ostrich who burrows his head in the sand. This may fixate belief, but neither does it help survive nor to increase knowledge. But this isnt its only fault: should the â€Å"tenacious† man accidentally realize that others hold opinions, too, and that they vary, he will lose certainty in his belief, and thus, this method of defense will no longer work for him it will not fix his ideas. He must somehow resist the influence of the community, and this method is weak against it. Authority is the temporary solution – it is a method that fixes belief by referencing it to someone who is an authority for the community. Better yet, to follow a group which is designated by the community to decide properly – and the others should be kept dull on the subject so that there is no diversity of opinion that may undermine authority. It is very effective for the survival of a community, and Peirce admits that for most people it is most effective – it fixes individual belief even though the real collective belief changes: it goes through its phases so slowly it is unnoticeable in an individuals life. But this is only as long as these people wish to be intellectual slaves. There are, however, always those who slip through the cracks of such a system. Those who are not important enough to silence but still dare to think – and should they see other cultures (which is unavoidable), they will think otherwise and the system will fail at least in part. However, the solution proposed by these men is still far from perfect – though much closer to the ideal because it relies on intuitive concepts which are far from experience. The axioms of these systems are taken from intuition alone, and thus more a subjective matter, a matter of taste, as Peirce puts it. Thus this, too, becomes a fallacy and degenerates into relativism or elaborately built cloud castles. Besides, subjective opinions and any manner of social reasoning are too easily influenced, and thus not very prone to the fixation of beliefs. It is authority once more, as is well enough shown by the fact that any system of science soon receives an aprioristic method of confirmation from some branch of philosophy. . The fourth method, that of science, however, is closest to the truth – it derives itself from the logic of nature, one and indivisible, unlike the thoughts of men. It is the only method which actually contains notions of right and wrong – as compared to the world and practical results. It is the only thing, in Peirces opinion, which can truly settle opinions between men. It is simply testable by reproducing a similar situation and allowing the experiment to solve the doubt between scientists. In this he agrees with a member of the Vienna circle named Herbert Feigl. He, too, consider science to be the most adequate tool for the perception of reality. Indeed, the only tool really worth using – if, of course, the scientific criteria are followed. The greatest requirement that Feigl makes of science is that of intersubjective testability. This means that any knowledge that is presumed scientific must be principally testable. Any person with the necessary tools and of sufficient intelligence to understand the topic at hand, whichever topic it may be, must be able to repeat any situation out of which knowledge arises and be able to come to the same conclusion. If this is so, then science as a social structure and an effective body of knowledge becomes essentially self-correcting: any new assumption or hypothesis will sooner or later be tested by others and not accepted on word. Empirical experience, once again, is featured as the final judge of whats to come. He accepts that â€Å"true† and â€Å"testable† are not necessarily one and the same, but science as the best method of fixing knowledge can only reach so far as the empirical world and its tests. This method, presented by men of science for men of science, are far from complete – they do not take into account many difficult social situations or reduce them to a mere need to spend more time observing – and yet it is rather effective. Though rather difficult for humanitarian use, it brought the natural sciences to their fruition, and it is the method which has the most credibility in current society.

Major Challenges to Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development Essay

What are the major challenges to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and what aspects still have value? To answer this question, Piaget's theory of development should be explained along with Vygotsky's theory and the connectionist theory of development, and then each should be compared with the others. Once this has been achieved the main similarities and differences will be summarized, and finally the areas of Piaget's theory that have not been undermined by other theories will be reiterated. In Piaget's opinion, Intelligence is not how we would class it today, he believed that intelligence covered all mental thought. He did believe however that the development of intelligence was an evolutionary matter not something that could be built on after birth, only used. Piaget believed that the child was responsible for its own development and therefore teaching could be seen as defunct. In Piaget's development theory there is four stages the "Stages of Development". These stages are a progressive format which children follow through childhood to create a complex adult abstract thinking process. While the children move from one stage to the next the improvements they show are seen as indications they are not the progressing itself more so that it is evidence that it is happening. The sensor motor stage is the first of the four stages and normally refers to children from birth to eighteen months old. In this stage the child recognizes the world through its physical actions, the child will start to internalize this information. Once the child starts making representations for the information, it will start to develop thought and language, these accomplishments are seen as the move to the next stage. The preopera... .... (1992) "Connectionism and developmental theory", British journal od developmental psychology, 10, pp.209-54. Cited in Lee V. and Gupta P.D. (2001) (eds) "Childs Cognitive and language development", Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford Thorndyke, E.L. (1911) "Animal intelligence" New York: MacMillan. Cited in Roth, I. (2000) "Introduction to psychology" vol 1, Psychology Press, East sussex Vygotsky, L.S. (1962) "Thought and Language", Cambridge (Mass.), MIT Press. Cited in Lee V. and Gupta P.D. (2001) (eds) "Childs Cognitive and language development", Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford Vygotsky, L.S. (1988) "The genesis of higher mental functions" in Richardson, K. and Sheldon, S. (Eds.) "Cognitive Development in Adolescence", Hove, Erlbaum. Cited in Lee V. and Gupta P.D. (2001) (eds) "Childs Cognitive and language development", Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford Major Challenges to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Essay What are the major challenges to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and what aspects still have value? To answer this question, Piaget's theory of development should be explained along with Vygotsky's theory and the connectionist theory of development, and then each should be compared with the others. Once this has been achieved the main similarities and differences will be summarized, and finally the areas of Piaget's theory that have not been undermined by other theories will be reiterated. In Piaget's opinion, Intelligence is not how we would class it today, he believed that intelligence covered all mental thought. He did believe however that the development of intelligence was an evolutionary matter not something that could be built on after birth, only used. Piaget believed that the child was responsible for its own development and therefore teaching could be seen as defunct. In Piaget's development theory there is four stages the "Stages of Development". These stages are a progressive format which children follow through childhood to create a complex adult abstract thinking process. While the children move from one stage to the next the improvements they show are seen as indications they are not the progressing itself more so that it is evidence that it is happening. The sensor motor stage is the first of the four stages and normally refers to children from birth to eighteen months old. In this stage the child recognizes the world through its physical actions, the child will start to internalize this information. Once the child starts making representations for the information, it will start to develop thought and language, these accomplishments are seen as the move to the next stage. The preopera... .... (1992) "Connectionism and developmental theory", British journal od developmental psychology, 10, pp.209-54. Cited in Lee V. and Gupta P.D. (2001) (eds) "Childs Cognitive and language development", Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford Thorndyke, E.L. (1911) "Animal intelligence" New York: MacMillan. Cited in Roth, I. (2000) "Introduction to psychology" vol 1, Psychology Press, East sussex Vygotsky, L.S. (1962) "Thought and Language", Cambridge (Mass.), MIT Press. Cited in Lee V. and Gupta P.D. (2001) (eds) "Childs Cognitive and language development", Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford Vygotsky, L.S. (1988) "The genesis of higher mental functions" in Richardson, K. and Sheldon, S. (Eds.) "Cognitive Development in Adolescence", Hove, Erlbaum. Cited in Lee V. and Gupta P.D. (2001) (eds) "Childs Cognitive and language development", Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford

Hotel Security Essay

Hotel Security Matthew Acevedo July 10, 2011 HTT/200 Hotel Security Security came forcefully to the attention of hotel operators in 1976 when a well-known singer, Connie Francis, was raped at knifepoint in a Long Island motel.(online reading, pg.309) Good security is what makes are breaks a good hotel. To insure that you have great security you have to address where it’s needed the most, where it might be an issue and what are the biggest threats to your guest. According to many different websites identity theft is becoming a major with hackers breaching computers in major hotel chains and gaining access to thousands upon thousands of guests personal information including; home addresses, credit card numbers and personal phone numbers. (Bates, 2008) To help reduce the risk of hackers it would be smart to make sure your database is secured through a well-known and respected company that deals with internet hackers. Though it’s impossible to fully stop hacking you can make sure you minimize the risk significantly with the right resources. A big issue with security would be fraud and theft. According to the U.S. Department of Justice Statistics, identity theft is now passing up drug trafficking as the number one crime in the nation. (Itrc, 2006) To solve some of these solution the easy steps would be to makes sure to check every guests ID and credit card against each other and have a fake ID decoder behind every desk to insure that no one gets away with using someone else’s credit card. Theft is also a big concern with guests that stay in hotels. Many hotels have an open-door policy that lets maids prop open doors for hours on end while they clean that floor. That leaves room wide open for anyone to just walk into a room and take whatever they want or rack up huge bills on movie rental or minibar items. According to a study done in 2003 many hotels have not changes there policies after the attacks of 9/11. Many hotels that were rated higher with security had already established good security and didn’t need to make changes. (Myers, 2003) There is no base-line for hotel security so it’s hard to say if the standard went up after the September 11 attacks of 2001. Conclusion Most of the security issue seems to be that of theft, either of personal items or identity. To help solve the ongoing issue there are dozens of companies working to shut down the cyber-attacks of hotel databases around the world. Until then it is the job of the hotel to take every precaution necessary to insure that guest feel as safe and comfortable as possible while staying in their establishment. References

Shoehorn Sonata Speech + Related Text

At age 15, you are thrown into a war, fighting for your life and your will to live is slowly diminishing. Are you scared? Probably, but you know that if you show fear, everyone will see you as being weak. This is what the main protagonists of both the play, Shoe Horn Sonata by John Mistro and the movie, Hunger Games directed by Gary Ross endured. Together with photographs, cinematic techniques and symbols, these texts represent the devastation of war, the bonds of friendship forged during a war and their respective will to survive.Friendship is defined as a relationship between friends. In Shoe Horn Sonata, when Sheila and Bridie first meet, it seems unlikely that they will ever be friends. They are complete polar opposites. Sheila cynical statement ‘People always get on when they’re tossed in together. I’d hardly call that friendship. ’, reinforces that Bridie and Sheila initially formed a friendship out of desperation to survive, not because there was mut ual affection for each other. Bitter tone is utilised to convey Shelia’s survival instincts are prioritised over tender friendship.Additionally the alliteration of tossed in together reflects how people in war have no choice of their companions, that it pushes them together in survival. Similarly in the Hunger Games , the friendships that Katniss makes with both Rue and are forged out of necessity and need rather than sentiment. Rue and Katniss team up as they both have valuable skills assets that the other would like to utilise to their advantage such as when Rue manages to take a weapon unnoticed using the trees. In many ways, an alliance with Rue is an alliance to District 11 which Katniss can use to her benefit.Peter and Katniss act as if they are lovers in a ploy for the audience as a means to survive as seen when Katniss receives a note from Haymitch asking ‘You call that a kiss? ’. The sarcastic tone makes Katniss realise that the ploy will be futile as if Haymitch is doubtful then others will be too. Both texts show that although they may not have been friends in normal circumstances, war has pushed them together and this has attributed to them surviving. Symbols are also used in both texts to represent the protagonists’ hope and survival.For example, the shoehorn in Shoe Horn Sonata is first seen when the girls are in the water and Bridie uses it to wake Sheila up and prevent her from drowning. In this scene, it a metaphorical and representative an object of survival and the will to live. As the play goes on, the shoehorn symbolises family for Bridie and sacrifice for Sheila but in the end it unites the girls and demonstrates that not only did they survive the war, they survived the effects of the war as well. Caramel is another symbol of survival.It was the only luxury the girls had during the camp and ‘it had to last till the end of the war’. The caramel was even important enough that it was written into the g irls’ wills. This conveys to the audience that the girls clung to the hope that they would eventually be released from the prison camp. On the other hand, in Hunger Games, the mockingbird pin was not only Katniss’s link to her district, but a symbol of her love for her father as well as her survival. The pin is a representation of a creature with a spirit of her own.By breaking free of the Capitol’s control this show that the Capitol does not have complete control of the districts. Katniss, like the mockingjay, has escaped from the Capitol’s clutches which is why the pin symbolises her survival and spirit. The photographs shown during interview in Shoe Horn Sonata support the dialogue and give the audience a visual representation of what the girls went through during the camp. In scene 7, you see visuals of what the prisoners looked like during the camp. They are emaciated, haggard and impoverish.The effects of the imprisonment of the innocent is clearly highlighted during these photographs. The stark black and white photos depicting the harrowing effects of mistreatment of innocents evokes sympathy towards the prisoners from the viewer and loathing for their captors. In contrast, within the Hunger Games, the film is seen as whirs and jolts with sharply edited scenes intercutting from perspective to perspective which represents Katniss’s inner turmoil and her agitation which accompanies those new changes.Her life is unpredictable and this is shown as the camera shakes around representing the sudden changes in her life and well as extreme long shots used to give the audience a general impression of the places she goes. Little detail can be seen in these scenes which corresponds to the insignificance of these places to Katniss. The audience witnesses the consequences of these changes but to everyone else, they are unable to see this because of the defensive stoic mask she wears.In conclusion, the protagonists in Shoe Horn Sonat a and the Hunger Games have survived horrors unimaginable to us and through distinctively visual techniques such as , photographs, cinematic techniques and symbols, we are able to grasp a small idea of what they have endured on their journey. Therefore, thus despite common circumstances being the catalyst for friendship in times of war, strife and horror they are able to triumph over their circumstances because of the sustenance that this unexpected friendship provides them.

Complete List of Performing Arts Colleges in New York

Complete List of Performing Arts Colleges in New York SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're hoping to attend a performing arts college in New York state or New York City, this article will get you one step closer to that goal. I have compiled a comprehensive list of the over 70 universities and conservatory programs in New York that offer performing arts degrees (Bachelor’s or higher). I have also chosen the top 3 performing arts schools in New York. How Should You Use This List? This list should be a starting point for your research into finding the right performing arts college for you. If you need assistance figuring out what college to go to, click the link to another PrepScholar article. When deciding on a performing arts college, you should consider at a minimum: Are you looking for a conservatory or a program at a four-year university with other non-art related majors? Do you want to be in a New York City or a smaller town? Do you want a large program or a smaller program? Are you interested in attending a certain type of religious college? What kind of degree do you want? BA, BM or BFA? MA or MFA? How much money do you want to spend on your degree? Can you get financial aid at the school? In this article, I list every school in alphabetical order. Each school offers different performing arts degrees and different curricula for the same type of degree, so I encourage you to click on the links to each school to figure out if their program is right for you. List of Performing Arts School in New York in Alphabetical Order American Academy of Dramatic Arts: New York, NY Adelphi University: Garden City, NY Bard College: Annandale-on-Hudson, New York Barnard College: New York, NY Canisius College: Buffalo, NY City University of New York-Baruch College: New York, NY City University of New York-Brooklyn College: Brooklyn, NY City University of New York-City College: New York, NY City University of New York-College of Staten Island: Staten Island, NY City University of New York-Hunter College: New York, NY City University of New York-Lehman College: Bronx, NY City University of New York-Queens College Aaron Copland School of Music: Flushing, NY City University of New York-York College: Jamaica, NY City University of New York-Graduate Center: New York, NY Colgate University: Hamilton, NY College of St. Rose: Albany, NY Columbia University: New York, NY Cornell University: Ithaca, NY Elmira College: Elmira, NY Five Towns College: Dix Hills, NY Fordham University: Bronx, NY Hamilton College: Clinton, NY Hartwick College: Oneonta, NY Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion: New York, NY Hobart and William Smith Colleges: Geneva, NY Hofstra University: Hempstead, NY Houghton College: Houghton, NY Ithaca College: Ithaca, NY Jewish Theological Seminary-H.L. Miller Cantorial School and College of Jewish Music: New York, NY The Juilliard School: New York, NY Long Island University-Brooklyn: Brooklyn, NY Long Island University-C.W. Post: Brookville, NY Manhattan School of Music: New York, NY Manhattanville College: Purchase, NY Molloy College: Rockville Centre, NY Marymount Manhattan College: New York, NY Nazareth College of Rochester: Rochester, NY The New School-Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts: New York, NY The New School-Mannes College of Music: New York, NY The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music: New York, NY New York University (NYU): New York, NY Niagara University: Outside of Niagara Falls, NY Pratt Institute: New York, NY Roberts Wesleyan College: Rochester, NY SUNY - Albany: Albany, NY SUNY - Binghamton University: Binghamton, NY SUNY - Buffalo State College: Buffalo, NY SUNY-College at Oneonta: Oneonta, NY SUNY-Fredonia: Fredonia, NY SUNY-Geneseo: Geneseo, NY SUNY-New Paltz: New Paltz, NY SUNY-Oswego: Oswego, NY SUNY-Plattsburgh: Plattsburgh, NY SUNY-Potsdam Crane School of Music: Potsdam, NY SUNY-Purchase: Purchase, NY SUNY-Stony Brook: Stony Brook, NY SUNY-University at Buffalo: Buffalo, NY Sarah Lawrence College: Yonkers, NY Skidmore College: Saratoga Springs, NY St. Bonaventure University: St. Bonaventure, NY St. Lawrence College: Canton, NY Syracuse University: Syracuse, NY University of Rochester Eastman School of Music: Rochester, NY Vassar College: Poughkeepsie, NY Wagner College: Staten Island, NY Wells College: Aurora, NY Yeshiva University Belz School of Jewish Music: New York, NY Top 3 Performing Arts Colleges in New York The Juilliard School Location: New York, NYTuition for Academic Year: $47,370Degrees offered: Bachelor of Fine Arts Dance Drama Bachelor of Music or Undergraduate Diploma Bass Trombone Bassoon Cello Clarinet Composition Double Bass Flute Guitar Harp Horn Jazz Studies Oboe Organ Percussion Piano Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Voice Master of Fine Arts Drama Master of Music or Graduate Diploma Bass Trombone Bassoon Cello Clarinet Collaborative Piano Composition Conducting Double Bass Flute Guitar Harp Historical Performance Horn Jazz Studies Oboe Organ Percussion Piano Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Voice Artistic Diploma Jazz Studies Opera Studies Performance Playwriting String Quartet Studies Doctor of Musical Arts Bass Trombone Bassoon Cello Clarinet Collaborative Piano Composition Double Bass Flute Harp Historical Performance Horn Oboe Organ Percussion Piano Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Voice Overview: Undoubtedly considered one of the best, if not the best, performing arts school in the country, recognized by entertainment magazines such as The Hollywood Reporter for the drama and music programs and Onstage blog for the dance program. Conservatory-style education in New York City, one of the art centers of the world. Very small class sizes with only around 500 undergraduate students, lots of personal attention. Extremely competitive admission process that includes an audition; Julliard only admits about 6.5% of applicants. The school's alumni have a long list of accomplishments including "more than 105 Grammy Awards, 62 Tony Awards, 47 Emmy Awards, 26 Bessie Awards, 24 Academy Awards, 16 Pulitzer Prizes, and 12 National Medals for the Arts." New York University Location: New York, NYTuition for Academic Year: $49,962 to $54,352Degrees offered: Bachelor of Arts Performance Studies Bachelor of Fine Arts Acting Collaborative Arts Dance Performing Arts Administration Recorded Music Theater Studies Bachelor of Music Instrumental Performance Brass Studies Jazz Studies Percussion Studies Piano Studies String Studies Woodwind Studies Music Business Music Education Music Technology Music Theory and Composition Screen Scoring Songwriting Music Therapy Vocal Performance Classical Voice Musical Theatre Vocal Pedagogy Master of Arts Dance Education Music Business Performance Studies Master of Fine Arts Acting Dance Master of Music Brass Studies Music Education Music Technology Music Theory and Composition Concert Composition Screen Scoring Screenwriting Music Theory and Composition Scoring for Film and Multimedia Songwriting Piano Performance Vocal Performance: Classical Voice Piano Performance Vocal Performance: Classical Voice PhD Brass Studies Music Education Music Performance and Composition Concert Composition Screen Scoring Performance Studies Overview: Consistently ranked in the top 5 drama schools in the country, according to The Hollywood Reporter, as well as the top music schools in the world. Conservatory-style training, but at a four-year university, providing you with a small artistic community as well as a large university experience. Located in New York City, NYU has integrated itself with New York's existing artistic community (for instance, at Tisch in the Drama Program, students attend existing New York acting studios for their specialized classes). Decently competitive admission process, with a 27% admission rate overall for NYU. Each program has a slightly lower acceptance rate, but it varies by program. Arguably has the most notable alumni of any performing arts school in the country including Elmer Bernstein, Alan Menken, Andy Samberg, Felicity Huffman, Alec Baldwin, Idina Menzel. Manhattan School of Music Location: New York, NYTuition for Academic Year: $48,280Degrees offered: Bachelor of Music Brass Collaborative Piano Composition Conducting Guitar Jazz Arts Organ Music Theatre Percussion Performance Program Viola Violin Piano Strings Harp Voice Woodwinds Bassoon Clarinet Flute Oboe Saxophone Master of Music Jazz Arts Orchestral Performance/Contemporary Performance Bassoon Cello Clarinet Double Bass Flute French Horn Harp Oboe Percussion Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Overview: Ranked one of the top 25 music schools in the world by The Hollywood Reporter. Like the other two schools, located in New York City. 2nd best music program in the city behind Julliard, whose former campus it occupies. The smallest of the top schools with a total of 372 undergraduate students. Great facilities with over 100 practice rooms and 9 performance facilities. An incredibly long list of notable alumni including Max Roach and Harry Connick, Jr. What’s Next? Learn more about acing the SAT and ACT to help you get into a performing arts college. Check out our ultimate SAT study guide and learn how to cram for the ACT. Interested in performing arts colleges in other places? Check out our list of performing arts colleges in California! Thinking about getting a job while in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teens and learn how to find yours! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Grow a Borax Crystal Snowflake

How to Grow a Borax Crystal Snowflake Do real snowflakes melt too quickly? Grow a borax crystal snowflake, color it blue if you like, and enjoy the sparkle all year long! This can be made overnight. Borax Crystal Snowflake Project Experience Level: BeginnerTime Required: OvernightMaterials: Borax, water, pipe cleaner, clear jarKey Concepts: Crystallization, dissolving Borax Crystal Snowflake Materials You only need a few simple materials to grow borax snowflakes: StringWide mouth jar (pint)White pipe cleanersBoraxPencilBoiling waterBlue food coloring (optional)Scissors Lets Make Borax Crystal Snowflakes! The first step of making borax crystal snowflakes is to make the snowflake shape. Cut a pipe cleaner into three equal sections.Twist the sections together at their centers to form a six-sided snowflake shape. Dont worry if an end isnt even, just trim to get the desired shape. The snowflake should fit inside the jar.Tie the string to the end of one of the snowflake arms. Tie the other end of the string to the pencil. You want the length to be such that the pencil hangs the snowflake into the jar.Fill the wide mouth pint jar with boiling water.Add borax one tablespoon at a time to the boiling water, stirring to dissolve after each addition. The amount used is 3 tablespoons borax per cup of water. It is okay if some undissolved borax settles to the bottom of the jar.If desired, you may tint the mixture with food color.Hang the pipe cleaner snowflake into the jar so that the pencil rests on top of the jar and the snowflake is completely covered with liquid and hangs freely (not touching the bottom of the jar). Allow the jar to sit in an undisturbed location overnight.You can hang your snowflake as a decoration or in a window to catch the sunlight. Tips for Success Borax is available at grocery stores in the laundry soap section, such as 20 Mule Team Borax Laundry Booster. Do not use Boraxo soap.Since boiling water is used and because borax isnt intended for eating, adult supervision is recommended for this project.If you cant find borax, you can use sugar or salt (may take longer to grow the crystals, so be patient). Add sugar or salt to the boiling water until it stops dissolving. Ideally, you want no crystals at the bottom of the jar. Keeping a Borax Crystal Snowflake Crystal snowflakes make nice decorations or Christmas tree ornaments. Its possible to save the snowflakes to use from one year to the next, providing they are stored properly. Borax will react with water in the air to form a white layer. If this is undesirable, the best way to prevent it to store the snowflakes in a sealed container with a desiccant. Gently wrap each snowflake in tissue paper or a paper towel.Place the wrapped snowflake in a zipper-top plastic bag.Add a small packet of silica gel. These are included in many products, like shoes and electronics, so most people have them. Otherwise, silica gel beads may be purchased at craft stores.Seal the bag.

Logistics and operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Logistics and operations - Essay Example According to Airman (n.d.), different companies use different types of inventory systems for inventory management and asset tracking. Inventory systems help managers in keeping track of assets and stocks, as well as in knowing where and when they have used their assets within companies. Some of the widely used inventory systems include information services inventory system, fixed asset inventory system, and information system (IS) for inventory management. All of these inventory systems are useful as they help companies keep an eye over stock and assets. In this paper, we will discuss IS-based inventory management system in order to know its effectiveness, as well as the way managers can use this to track deliveries. In today’s age of information technology, almost every company and organization is making a good use of technology based information services to carry out business activities. An information system (IS) based inventory system is one of such tools which helps managers keep track of incoming and outgoing stock. According to Kietzman (n.d.), inventory software is a specialized computer-based program that is used to keep track of the stock inventory, quantity, location, and current status. IS-based inventory management system deals with the use of information technology tools to help managers in doing information processing and management. An information system is a part of internal business control system that deals with a company’s inventory information, stock keeping procedures, and information technology. IS-based inventory systems help managers in tracking deliveries while improving efficiency and keeping control of business processes. A manufacturing or distribution company can never be successful without an IS-based inventory management system because IS keeps proper record of information related to inventory that managers can use for analysis and decision-making purposes. IS-based inventory management

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Sociology - Essay Example The capabilities of a human have no limits. It may not be immediately understood, but can be realized through individual effort. So humans are capable of solving their own difficulties, attain their objectives, and achieve lasting happiness. They can even transcend the current state to reach higher states of awareness and ability. (1). Scientology makes use of celebrities to provide information and support their religious through. Actor Tom Cruise of â€Å"Mission Impossible† fame is an example of the use of celebrities. He has been actively crusading for scientology since 2005. He advocates the beliefs of the religion, like speaking out against psychiatry. John Travolta is another film celebrity making the rounds in favor of scientology. However there are accusations that many celebrities like John Travolta endorse the religion for financial benefits (2). Many of its critics claim that scientology is a sham. The main criticisms center on its money making racket with pressure on its members to contribute sums of money. Scientology has run into difficulties with law authorities in several countries. There have also been a number of cases filed by its members of mental and physical abuse. The judges in some of these cases have termed the religion as â€Å"corrupt, sinister and dangerous†. (3) Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zukerberg and Dustin Muskovitz. Facebook is a website that uses English language for social networking to enable the spread of information. The spread of information among its users is similar to the manner in which it is done in the real world. There are many networks within facebook. Each individual network may be an individual school, or a company or a regional location. Each network is independent of the other, and only its members can pass information among themselves. Any individual with an e-mail address can become a member of a network, by getting authenticated into it. The advantage of facebook is that the amount of information

Bob Beall at the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation c Case Study

Bob Beall at the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation - Case Study Example It is an orphan disease means that it is hard for it to get funding for research on the area. This means that Cystic Fibrosis Foundation had to suffer issues with funding. Because Cystic Fibrosis Foundation is a rare and also a genetic disease makes it hard for research on the disease to be done as smoothly as other non-genetic and maintain diseases. The kind of leadership that Bob Beall displayed was the democratic leadership. It is very clear that he uses democratic leadership. In the case study, it has been identified that he never pressured his researchers to deliver the result. His favorite quote was â€Å"no pressure† which means that he always believed that his researchers did not have to be pushed or micromanaged to be able to perform better. However, this did not mean that he did not have compassion for the patients who needed to have a working medication as soon as possible. His passion to start working for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation is enough proof that he was determined to develop a solution for this issue that was affecting so many lives, especially the young ones. One of the major advantages of this kind of leadership is that it allows innovation. In the long term, this is good for such an organization that is focused on research to develop a solution that has not been developed in the past. Democratic leadership has the advantage of the fact that the subordinates are allowed to be in control of their work. This increases motivation as people are naturally happy with autonomy and are not happy when they are being micromanaged. In such an environment where people with such specialized and expert-level skills as the kind people who were doing research at Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, it is necessary to give them freedom since this kind of research requires them to be creative and do not operate under a structured environment. This allows them to explore all the possibilities and allows them to be flexible in what they do, thus  raising the chance of successes.

Five Pillars of Islam Essay Example for Free

Five Pillars of Islam Essay What are the central beliefs of Islam, and how are they reflected in the Five Pillars† (McInerney, 2003)? Which of the Five Pillars do you feel would be easiest to fulfill, and which would be the most challenging (McInerney, 2003)? Monotheism is one of the main central beliefs of Islam. This is the belief that there is only one God and that God is Allah. The Islam’s believe that their purpose for humanity is to only serve their God Allah and to construct a moral lifestyle. The five pillars are considered obligatory for all Muslims to follow. The five pillars can be found within the Qur’an which is Islam’s holy book. The first pillar is the shahadah. The Shahadah is the accepting that Muhammad is God’s messenger. Islamic culture believes that the prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam’s faith. The second pillar is the daily prayers. In order to do this a Muslim must be in a state of ritual purity. One must prayer at least five times within a day. Muslims believe that doing so will bring them closer to God and they will be able to learn more about him. The third pillar is the fasting during Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar which is the Islamic month for fasting. Muslims have to avoid any type of drinking, eating and sexual relations from dawn until sunset. This is done in order for Muslims to learn about patience, humanity, and spirituality. The fourth pillar is called alms giving which is the giving of 2. 5 percent of one’s annual earnings to the poor and needy. Lastly, the fifth pillar is the pilgrimage to Mecca. This is a core practice and must be carried out at least once in a Muslims lifetime. The fourth pillar which consists of giving 2. percent of one’s annual pay to the poor and needy would be one of the easiest pillars for me to follow. I think everyone should do this. I’m a Christian and every Sunday that I go to church I always give to the needy whether its five dollars or two dollars that I have on me at the time. My religion believes that by giving we will receive blessings from our God. The pillar that would be difficult for me to follow would have to be pillar number three which is fasting. This would be difficult for me because I always have to be drinking water. I am also anemic and if I don’t eat after a while I tend to black out.

Special Education Reflection Essay example -- essays research papers

Running Head: REFLECTION PAPER Reflection Paper En Tseh Wang Lehigh University   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Special Education 332 (Education and Inclusion of Individuals with Special Needs) has been enlightening for me as a secondary mathematics educator. In the beginning of the semester, my feelings towards special education were those of apathy and insensitivity. I now understand that my feelings were due to my lack of knowledge and my judgment based on stereotypes. I always knew that making fun of students with learning disabilities was wrong. However, I never felt that inclusion of special education students in general education classes was plausible or made sense. I felt that special education students belonged in their own classrooms; and that is why we have special education educators. As a prospective secondary mathematics educator, I felt that it was unfair that I would have special education students in my classes. I would rationalize my attitude by saying that I signed up to teach â€Å"normal† students, and that the special education students were not my problem or responsibility. I did not want to deal with them. I did not see them as individuals who seek meaning through learning. As a constructivist, my goal as an educator is to provide students with meaning by imparting knowledge. As I reflect on my feelings towards special education students, I ask myself why do I not see them in the same way. If they are students as well, why do I discriminate against them? Why is it, when I think about teaching students with learning disabilities, I get uncomfortable? It is due to my lack of knowledge of students with learning disabilities. It was not until I saw the movie (before our class) â€Å"I Am Sam†, my thoughts about people with learning disabilities started to change. The movie changed my perception that mentally challenged individuals are strange by nature because they do not seem to understand when people talk to them and is different from myself. The movie showed me that they do comprehend information, have feelings as I do, and most importantly, that I have wrongly stereotyped their differences. This course not only gave me the knowledge I needed to understand students with learning disabilities, I was also able to empathize with these students through active participation in the sensitivity activities. Participating ... ...ities and that I have done a complete one-eighty in my view of these students. There was several times where I caught myself using the term retarded, in describing something that was unintelligent. I must understand that my advocacy towards this issue will only grow if I continue to find out more about learning disabilities, to watch what I say, and to be careful when trying to teach others to change their views.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall, I must admit that I have been blessed from taking this course. I feel that I have grown throughout the course of the class, where I once stereotyped students with learning disabilities to understanding students with disabilities. Many people judge and classify what they do not understand, and through that ignorance is birthed. I am thankful that I have taken this class as I have become aware of my ignorance and have a deeper understanding and acceptance of those with learning disabilities, inside and outside of the classroom. References Turnbull, R., Turnbull, A., Shank, M., Smith, S.J. (2004). Exceptional Lives: Special   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education in Today's Schools. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.